Yellow Fever Vaccines March 2023

Yellow Fever Vaccines March 2023

Effective yellow fever vaccines have been available for over 80 years. The 17D yellow fever vaccine was initially approved for human use in 1938, with about 850 million doses distributed worldwide, reported a study in Nature. In addition, the Eliminate Yellow fever Epidemics (EYE), driven by Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), seeks to vaccinate nearly one billion people against yellow fever by 2026.

Yellow Fever Vaccine Availablity 2023

YF-VAX® vaccine is licensed in the U.S. (BL 103915) and available at certified travel vaccine clinics and pharmacies.

Stamaril® vaccine is available internationally in Africa, Australia, Barbados, Brazil, the Caribbean, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, the DRC, Ecuador, Germany, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kenya, Nigeria, Northern Ireland, Mexico, Philippines, Peru, Scotland, Singapore, Venezuela, and the U.K. However, it is considered investigational and no longer available in the U.S.

RegaVax is a vaccine candidate using the yellow fever vaccine virus's genetic code as a carrier (or vector) for the coronavirus's genetic code.

Najít Technologies HydroVax-002 YFV is a Novel Inactivated Yellow Fever vaccine candidate conducting phase 1 clinical research with the NIH, evaluating dosages of 1 mcg and five mcg was given intramuscularly on Day 1 and Day 29.

Yellow Fever Vaccine Indication

And according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO), yellow fever vaccination is recommended for people aged nine months or older and traveling to or living in areas at risk for the yellow fever virus. A single dose of the yellow fever vaccine promotes sustained immunity for about 90% of people vaccinated within ten days, says the WHO. In addition, in January 2023, the CDC confirmed that yellow fever vaccines could be administered at any time before, concurrent with, or after any antibody-containing preparation. And a yellow fever vaccine booster dose is unnecessary. 

The CDC's Travelers' Health Branch has revised and recertified its online course "Yellow Fever Vaccine: Information for Health Care Professionals Advising Travelers" through September 7, 2023.

Yellow Fever Vaccination Card

The International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP), known as the yellow card, is required to enter certain countries. For example, in the U.S., vaccinated people receive a yellow fever card (ICVP) to prove they recently had a yellow fever vaccine. Forty-seven countries in Africa (34) and Central and South America (13) are either endemic or have yellow fever endemic regions, says the WHO. For specific information on ICVP entry requirements, please see the individual country pages, such as Argentina, Angola, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Ghana, Kenya, Paraguay, Rwanda, and Uganda. In addition, ICVP requirements are contained in the WHO's Country List.

The U.K.'s National Health Service (NHS) says yellow fever vaccination might still be recommended, even if an outbreak has not been declared. An interactive world map showing travel recommendations by destination and yellow fever vaccination requirements for specific countries is available on the CDC Travelers' Health webpage. 

Yellow Fever Vaccine Fractional Dosage

The peer-review journal The Lancet published results from a clinical study in January 2021 (updated Feb. 2022, concluding, 'Fractional doses of all WHO-prequalified yellow fever vaccines were non-inferior to the standard dose in inducing seroconversion 28 days after vaccination, with no major safety concerns. These results support using fractional dosage in the general adult population for outbreak response in a vaccine shortage.' The WHO's initial position on fractional yellow fever vaccine was set out in the 2013 WHO position paper.

Yellow Fever Monoclonal Antibody Treatment

The TY014 treatment candidate is directed against the envelope protein on the surface of the Yellow Fever virus and prevents viral replication by limiting viral fusion to host cells. Tysana Pte Ltd is currently conducting a phase 1 study on humans.

Yellow Fever Vaccine Price

The CDC's Vaccines For Children program provides vaccines at no cost to children. Additionally, UNICEF publishes vaccine prices for children. As is the Stamaril vaccine price, outside of the U.S., Sanofi's Patient Connection® offers various vaccine price savings. In addition, Sanofi has live support specialists at (800) 633-1610 to answer patients' questions. And InstantRx™ is a digital gateway empowering people to find lower-priced vaccines easily.

Yellow Fever Travel Advisories

The U.S. CDC and the U.K. Travel Health Advice recently issued yellow fever Travel Advisories for Kenya, Ghana, Nigeria, and Brazil. In addition, since September 2021, thirteen countries in the WHO African Region (Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, and the Republic of Congo have reported laboratory-confirmed cases of yellow fever. From January 2021 to December 19, 2022, a total of 203 confirmed and 252 probable cases, with 40 deaths (CFR 9%), have been reported to the WHO from countries in the WHO African Region. On January 15, 2023, one yellow fever fatality was confirmed in Guinea. 

The most significant yellow fever outbreak of the last 50 years in the Americas occurred in Brazil, with transmission outside the Amazon region generating 2,154 cases and 745 deaths between 2016 and 2018.

Yellow Fever Vaccine News 2023

March 15, 2023 - The Ugandan Ministry of Health intends to vaccinate over 1.9 million children against yellow fever.

March 4, 2023 - NPJ Vaccines published a study's results: Immunogenicity and protective activity of mRNA vaccine candidates against yellow fever. Our data demonstrate that these mRNA vaccine candidates can be considered an attractive addition to the licensed YF vaccine supply based on the induction of functional antibodies correlating with protection and T-cell responses.

February 8, 2023 - A Nigerian state (Bayelsa) announced a yellow fever outbreak.

January 3, 2023 - The WHO African Region confirmed in 2021, routine immunization coverage against yellow fever in the African Region for childhood vaccinations was 48%.

November 18, 2022 - The WHO published an updated Country List identifying current yellow fever vaccination requirements.

Yellow Fever Diagnosis

Yellow fever is difficult to diagnose, especially during the early stages. The U.S. CDC publishes a list of frequently asked questions and answers found on this CDC webpage. And the WHO's FAQ list is found on this webpage.

Note: The content on this webpage has been aggregated from the WHO, the U.S. CDC, and research studies reviewed by healthcare providers, such as Dr. Robert Carlson.